In general, there are two main causes of cataracts: we can acquire them or we can be born with them.
Acquired Cataracts
A variety of factors cause acquired cataracts. Exposure to ultraviolet light and the normal process over time of the lens becoming less resilient, less transparent, and thicker can all contribute to the formation of cataracts.
Trauma to the eye can also cause cataracts and is the most common cause of cataracts in people under 40.
Systemic diseases can also cause cataracts, including diabetes and hypothyroidism.
Toxins, such as chronic use of corticosteroids, can cause cataracts. Several studies have linked the development of cataracts to alcohol consumption and exposure to cigarette smoke as well.
Secondary causes, such as eye surgeries, chronic inflammation, and some types of glaucoma and extremenearsightedness (high myopia) can also cause cataracts to develop.
Congenital Cataracts
It is possible to be born with cataracts. These cataracts are known as congenital cataracts and are quite rare. About one-third of infants with congenital cataracts have inherited cataracts.
